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In the context of the Zero Trust model, network segmentation is a crucial strategy for real-time policy evaluation and access control. This approach entails dividing the network into smaller, more manageable segments to enhance security and reduce the attack surface. By focusing on the network component, organizations can effectively monitor and control traffic flows between different segments, ensuring that only authorized users and devices can access sensitive resources in real-time, irrespective of their location.

In Microsoft 365, configuring the network segment properly allows for the implementation of specific policies that dynamically evaluate access based on user identity, device health, and application sensitivity. As data flows across different areas of the network, having robust segmentation is key to identifying potential threats and responding swiftly to unauthorized access attempts.

While identities, devices, and applications also play critical roles in the Zero Trust framework, the specific aspect of real-time policy evaluation and access control through segmentation is primarily focused on the network. This is because the network serves as the backbone for monitoring and enforcing security policies, directly impacting how data and resources are accessed securely.